Definition of Health Insurance - 887 Words

Definition Health insurance is insurance against the risk of incurring health care related expenses. It indemnifies the insured for the related financial loss. It is important to note that health insurance is a form of short term insurance. Disability, critical illness and long-term care insurance are all subclasses of health insurance. When an individual buys health insurance, he/she enters into a contract (policy) with the insurance company so that for a monthly premium, the insurance company will provide cover for medical expenses incurred. The level of cover and the health care providers allowed will range between different products. Coverage will include visits to doctors or hospitals, prescriptions, cost of medical examinations or†¦show more content†¦(Obringer Jeffries, 2006) There are many different types of health insurance, the main forms include: †¢ Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) and Exclusive Provider Organizations: Where you choose a primary care physician. You are then cover for care received from specifies hospitals and doctors, all other care providers are not covered. †¢ Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs): You pay higher fees for care received from a preferred provider list and higher fees for all hospitals and doctors visited that are not on the list. †¢ Point-of-Service plans (POS): Combination of HMO and PPO. †¢ High Deductible Health Plan (HDHP): A cheap form of health insurance with higher deductibles. †¢ Catastrophic Health Insurance Plan: Provides cover in the event of an accident or serious illness. (HealthCare.gov, 2014) Other health care related products that aren’t indemnifying include: †¢ Hospital Cash cover: Provides a cash lump sum per day that you are in hospital. Can also provide some cover from loss of income. †¢ Medical Gap Cover: insures you against the event that there is a shortfall between the cover your medical scheme provides and the actual payment required. The two main risks that all standard health insurance products provide cover for are: †¢ Pharmaceutical expenses, doctor visits and tests: High frequency and low cost. †¢ Hospitalization: Low frequency and high cost. (Rosner, Leppert,Show MoreRelatedHealth Care At The United States1742 Words   |  7 PagesProblem or Opportunity Health care in the United States has had a steady rise in terms of the cost of running the service and receiving the service. Due to the heightened costs of running the health care sector, the pinch has been transferred to the consumer. In this case, the health care service seekers are the consumers. Among the significantly affected consumer group is the low income-earning individuals. These individuals already struggle with welfare costs and an increase in health care costs seemsRead MoreFuture Consideration For Employer Based Health Insurance1628 Words   |  7 PagesConsideration for Employer-Based Health Insurance Speculation about the future of employer-based health coverage began in earnest with the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare. Critics of the federal subsidy, designed to provide working, uninsured Americans with the to purchase â€Å"affordable† health insurance believe this may have presented employers with the unprecedented opportunity to cancel group plans and refer employees to health exchanges, while proponents of theRead MoreHealthcare Information Systems1063 Words   |  5 PagesPost Week 1 Health Care Information Systems Terms HCS/483 Healthcare Information Systems - Week 1 Name: Guidelines: Please use this form to submit your assignment and NOT the one on the UOPX website. Define the following terms. 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We will find those supporters and opponents of the PPACA on whether it is a beneficialRead MoreInsurance Policies And The Insurance Policy1209 Words   |  5 Pagesinsured, the address, the duration of the insurance policy, the location, the scope of the policy, and other key information from the insured to the insured. Definitions: In determining the scope of coverage, the insurance policy depends on a very specific and very clear meaning of the terms and phrases. Since these terms and phrases are often repeated many times in an insurance policy, a single definition of a term or phrase is included in the definition of the policy, rather than when the termRead MoreWhat Is The Health Insurance Portability And Accountability Act860 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Insurance Portability and Accountability Act HIPAA is the acronym for the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act that was passed by Congress in 1996, Federal law that restricts access to individuals private medical information: The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 was enacted by the United States Congress and signed by President Bill Clinton in 1996. . HIPAA does the following: Provides the ability to transfer and continue health insurance coverageRead MoreEssay on ObamaCare and How It Greatly Affects Our Health Care System1644 Words   |  7 PagesGreatly Effects Our Health Care System Final Research Paper: ObamaCare and How It Greatly Effects Our Health Care System As the years go on, everything around us is constantly changing and becoming more advanced. The recent election of our president has and will force us to see some very big changes in the next few months. ObamaCare also known as the Affordable Care Act was set in place by President Obama in order to reduce health care costs and give affordable health insurance to Americans. IRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )1440 Words   |  6 Pagesbe moving further away from humanity-based health care and more towards the patient as a commodity. This was not the way my father practiced—nor will I.† This quote, from a surgeon in Michigan, was only one of many quotes gathered by The Doctors Company, which is the largest insurer of physician and surgeon medical liability in the nation, when they asked over 5,100 doctors about their thoughts on different aspects of Health Care Reform. American health care reform is something that was nearly seventy-fiveRead MoreThe Affordable Car e Act Is The Us Healthcare Reform Law1389 Words   |  6 Pagesthe US healthcare reform law. The law makes healthcare and health insurance more affordable and move available to more Americans the official name is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 210, but is mostly referred to as Obamacare. This law was signed on March 23, 2010. Originally the ACA was enacted to increase the quality and affordable of health insurance, lower the uninsured rate by expanding public and private insurance coverage, and reduce the costs of healthcare for individualsRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act Is The Us Healthcare Reform Law1393 Words   |  6 Pageshealthcare reform law. The law makes health care and health insurance more affordable and move available to more Americans the official name is the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 210, but is mostly referred to as Obamacare. This law was signed on March 23, 2010. Originally the ACA was enacted to increase the quality and aff ordable of health insurance, lower the uninsured rate by expanding public and private insurance coverage, and reduce the costs of health care for individuals. There have

Argument for Market Segmentation Free Essays

Market segmentation is the process of dividing the market according to similarities that exist among the various subgroups within the market. The similarities may be common characteristics, or common needs and desires. (All Business – Directory Of Business Terms 2011) Market segmentation has become an important function in the banking industry because of the existence of intense competition, not only within the industry but also from the likes of finance and insurance companies. We will write a custom essay sample on Argument for Market Segmentation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Banks deal with various types of customers e. g. , individuals, group of people, corporate entities, etc. ho all have their likes and dislikes. No bank can afford to assess the need of each and every individual customer separately. It is nearly impossible for banks to market all these categories of customers on a one-to-one basis, particularly if they simply rely on predictable socio-economic data like age and income as the base for dividing customers into segments. To overcome this problem, a bank must adopt a market segmentation strategy, which recognises the wisdom of specialising to suit the need of a segment of the market rather than trying to address the requirements of each and every customer separately. Spark Slide 43 highlights that ‘segmentation is needed because; you cannot be all things to all people’. Market segmentation enables more accurate and effective communication of benefits in relation to needs. Market segmentation would also help the bank or any organisation identify growth opportunities. ?Market of banking products can be segmented in a number of different ways. Market segmentation must have certain qualities that make it possible to specialise the marketing approaches. The segmentation must be measurable in terms of the criteria used for segmentation; accessible through the distribution system; and sizable in volume in order to generate the economy of operations. One of the rational ways of segmentation could be dividing the banking market into retail and wholesale market. With market segmentation a bank can gain a competitive edge by programming different marketing strategies for customers of different segments. It could be argued that a bank segments its market into more or less homogeneous groups, in terms of their needs and expectations from the banking industry. With out market segmentation, organisations do not fully understand their market, their competitors’ strategies, and their own customer and prospect base, meaning they are simply not equipped to compete effectively. Their attempts to attract customers will be fruitless, both because the propositions are not sufficiently targeted to be fully relevant to the majority of customers, but also because the communications and channel activities aimed at customer acquisition will lack focus and relevance. How to cite Argument for Market Segmentation, Essay examples

Costing Technique Of Brunei LNG Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Costing Technique Of Brunei LNG. Answer: Introduction The paper mainly focuses on the costing technique that is mainly used by the real business for achieving proper performance within the company. According to Neyestani (2017), Costing techniques are generally defined as a method that is used for ascertaining cost for various decision making procedures. The costing techniques are generally applied to make appraisals as well as for ascertaining different types of purchasing performance. It is found that there are numerous techniques of costing which mainly includes marginal costing, direct costing, absorption costing, uniform costing, system costing, historical costing, continuous costing, standard costing as well as post costing method (Abdullah, Jadhav and Borhade, 2014). The organization Brunei LNG which is one the manufacturing industry utilizes Marginal costing technique in order to manage the performance of the organization. In addition to this, it is identified that the paper discusses some of the significant decision making tech niques that is helpful in enhancingperformance management while dealing with number of risks as well as uncertainties. Application The manufacturing industry Brunei LNG utilizes Marginal Costing technique for enhancing as well as managing the operation of the organization. It is identified that marginal costing is a technique in which allocation of production to expenditure is mainly restricted to number of expenses that mainly occurs as a result of production that is materials, direct expenses, labors as well as variable overheads (Biz et al., 2015). In this technique of costing, fixed overheads are generally excluded in situations where the production of the company generally varies as it can give some misleading results. It is identified that this technique is quite useful in various manufacturing industries like Brunei LNG. The marginal cost is also referred as a method of cost accounting as well as decision making that is very much simple to understand. The costing technique mainly helps in reflecting the relationship that generally exists between price, cost as well as volume (Jayeola Onou, 2014). It is identified that by utilizing the Marginal Costing technique, the manufacturing industry Brunei LNG gets number of advantages that mainly includes: Reliable decision making: The marginal costing technique is helpful in measuring reliable decision that is made by the manufacturing organization Brunei LNG. Easy to operate: It is identified that the marginal technique is quite simple to understand as well as can be easily operated. This is considered as one of the biggest advantage of the manufacturing company Brunei LNG (Abdullah, Jadhav Borhade, 2014). The main reason behind the simple operation is that the fixed cost is not included within the cost of production. Relative contribution to profit: The industry makes relative contribution to profit that is generally made by each number of products that is mainly reflected where the sales efforts can be contracted. Take short run tactical decision: It is identified that the manufacturing industry can be able to take short run tactical decisions with the help of information that is related with marginal costing. Evaluation Proper decision making techniques are used in real business for enhancing the performance of the company when themanagement of the company is dealing with number of risks as well as uncertainties (Mardani, Jusoh Zavadskas, 2015). There are number of decision making techniques that can be utilized by the real organizations. The decision making techniques includes: Decision matrix: It is identified that a decision matrix is mainly utilized for evaluating number of options of decisions. Multivoting: This is generally utilized when numbers of people are generally involved in various decision making procedure (Mardani et al., 2015) Pareto analysis: This is the technique that is utilized when large numbers of decisions are generally made within the real business. This generally helps in prioritizing decisions from various economic perspectives. Cost- benefits analysis: This is considered as one of the decision making technique that is used while weighing the financial ramifications of number of possible alternatives (Broderick, Duggan Redfern, 2017). Conjoint analysis: This is one of the decision making techniques that is mainly utilized by various business leaders in order to determine number of consumer preferences for making proper decisions. SWOT analysis: SWOT analysis mainly stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities as well as threats that generally assist in assessing various planning tools. PEST analysis: PEST analysis is defined as an acronym for political, social, economic, social as well as technological factor that helps in improving decision making as well as time by analyzing number of external factors (Rardin Rardin, 2016). It is identified that Pareto analysis can be utilize for enhancing the performancemanagement when dealing with number of risks as well as uncertainties within the organization. It is identified that this technique of decision making is utilized by the organization as with the help of this technique large number of decisions that are required to be made by the organization can be properly prioritized as per their need (Mardani, Jusoh Zavadskas, 2015). The organization need to take the most important decision as per their prioritization so that the performance of the organization cannot get reduced during the rise of risks as well as uncertainties. It is identified that Pareto analysis helps in enhancing the organizational efficiency, assists in improving problem solving skills, assists in as well as improving decision making capability. The risks as well as problems that generally occur within the organization can be easily solved by conducting Pareto analysis as it helps in enabling the organization to organize the various work related issues into number of cohesive facts (Rardin Rardin, 2016). With proper focus on resolving the problems that are associated with the organization must be properly documented with the help of Pareto analysis so that the documentation will be helpful in enabling better preparation as well as improvement in decision making for various future changes. References Abdullah, Y. H., Jadhav, K. D., Borhade, S. (2014). The Effect of Applying Activity Based Costing Technique on Financial Performance of Service Industry: A Case Study of Levare Consultants Pvt. Ltd.Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies,2(4). Biz, A. N., Schluckebier, L. F., Bastos, C. R., Silva, R. M., Braga, J. U., Caetano, R. (2015). Cost-Effectiveness of The Use of 18fdg-Pet/Ct In The Detection of Recurrent Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.Value in Health,18(7), A859. Broderick, J., Duggan, J., Redfern, S. (2017). Using Auditory Display Techniques to Enhance Decision Making And Perceive Changing Environmental Data Within a 3D Virtual Game Environment. Georgia Institute of Technology. Jayeola, O., Onou, D. P. (2014). Implementing target costing in small and medium scale enterprises in Ogun industrial metropolis.International Journal of Humanities and Social Science,4(8). Mardani, A., Jusoh, A., Zavadskas, E. K. (2015). Fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making techniques and applicationsTwo decades review from 1994 to 2014.Expert Systems with Applications,42(8), 4126-4148. Mardani, A., Jusoh, A., MD Nor, K., Khalifah, Z., Zakwan, N., Valipour, A. (2015). Multiple criteria decision-making techniques and their applicationsa review of the literature from 2000 to 2014.Economic Research-Ekonomska IstraÃ… ¾ivanja,28(1), 516-571. Neyestani, B. (2017). Quality Costing Technique: An Appropriate Financial Indicator for Reducing Costs and Improving Quality in the Organizations. Rardin, R. L., Rardin, R. L. (2016).Optimization in operations research(p. 919). Prentice Hall.

The Effects of Media Violence on People

Despite the fact that there is some evidence that, lengthy exposure to violent media increases aggressive behavior in people, this exposure alone cannot cause people to become violent and aggressive for there is no established connection between violent entertainment and violent behavior.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Media Violence on People specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the contrary, there is substantial evidence that violent, belligerent, and emotionally delinquent environments lead to aggressive behavior more than watching violent films does. This may be a contentious issue with numerous people linking violent media to aggressive behavior. Nevertheless, there are other people, as the writer, who think that exposure to violent media alone does not lead to increase in aggressive behavior. I strongly refute the claims that exposure to violent media leads to increase in violent behavior. Fi rst, the research methodologies used to study and analyze the link between violent media exposure and aggressive behavior are more than often flawed. According to Gauntlett, mainstream researchers approach the issue of violent media from the perspective that media causes violence (23). With this ingrained deeply in researchers’ minds, they seek to establish violent reactions only in the context of media consumption. The anticipated results in such a case would obviously place blame increase in aggressive behavior on exposure to violent media. This should not be the case as research should start by focusing on the violence itself; regardless of the cause, and then try to mire its causes. This approach would work better to produce results that are more credible. Moreover, most of the studies focus on children without using controls like adults. Most of these studies seek to qualify a â€Å"barely-concealed conservative ideology† (Gauntlett 45). To complicate the whole is sue, what researchers may consider as ‘violent’ in research premises, may not be violent in context of the viewer. Additionally, the research objects are based on former studies that used blemished methodologies not founded on theory. Supporters of allegations that exposure to violent media leads to aggressive behavior may be quick to point out cases like the media attention generated by Michael Johnson case. It is true that this case attracted much publicity but these critics forget to indicate that this is not always the case. Human beings are not copycats and they will draw a clear line between what is good and bad. It is true that there are copycat violent acts like murder and suicide among others. However, Barker posits that, these copycat violent acts occur mostly in abnormal fostering (56). Research indicates that, raising people in violent or aggressive environments will have great impact in life than mere watching of given movies or listening to some music. The re is enough evidence to show that most of copycat murderers are mentally unstable.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It beats logic to assume that simply because people have seen violent acts, they will go ahead and commit them. Millions of people watch violent movies all over the world; therefore, if exposure to violent media increases aggressive behaviors then we would have millions of aggressive people world allover. This is not the case and research indicates that, only few people engage in aggressive behaviors as a direct result of watching violent movies. Moreover, people who watch these movies in their childhood grow up to be normal responsible people (Ward 87). Therefore, to claim that exposure to violent media leads to increased aggressive behavior hold no substance to qualify it. People like Elizabeth Newson have drawn a strong link between violent media and viole nt lifestyle. For instance, in 1994, Elizabeth made reported that the movie Child’s Play 3 caused two boys, aged 10, to murder James Bulger. Nevertheless, in response to these allegations, Barker indicates that, Elizabeth’s accounts relied greatly on opinions and press instead of relying on results from an independent research (63). This points out how flawed research on media violence can be. In the murder of James Bulger, there was no evidence that the two boys had watched the alleged film. Unfortunately, after something pops into the media, people accept it without taking a step further to investigate the credibility of the information. Ward posits that, many researches on violent media have failed to establish adverse effects and that most of the hypotheses have proved to be null (12). There are cases whereby people have reacted violently even without watching violent scenes in the media. For instance, after watching the evening news, a father kills his entire fami ly using a gun; he is arrested and brought before the judge; he explains that his actions emanated from the ‘bad’ news he watched. He claims that, the news was too bad that he saw no need of anyone living. Is this case different from any other violent behaviors arising from violent media? The answer is of course no! In this incidence, the man must have been abnormal and his actions cannot be explained entirely under the pretext of ‘bad news’ he watched. Similarly, the few cases of violent behavior arising from watching violent films cannot be explained by the fact that the assailant had watched a violent film. There has to be something more than watching violent films and this is where researchers fail in their work.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Media Violence on People specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Barker, there are other factors as socio-cultural issu es in criminal cases. These factors cannot be dictated by watching of violent media only. â€Å"We must look beyond a specific film to think about the specific context in which it has been consumed, and the wider social background of the people† (29). We cannot explicitly say that this issue on media can cause or cannot cause aggressive behavior. The best thing is to probe what other factors as social issues make some people perceive and use media in a way that will bring aggression to them. The bottom line is; influence from violent media alone cannot lead to increase in aggressive behavior. To cap it all, the research on violent media is minimal and often utilizes flawed methodologies. Questioning the credibility of these methodologies, Ward said, â€Å"The real puzzle is that anyone looking at the research evidence in this field could draw any conclusions about the pattern let alone argue with such confidence and even passion that it demonstrates the harm of violence on t elevision, in film and in video games† (34). According to Barker, if exposure to violent media leads to increase in aggressive behavior, then America would be a violent state (68) because in contemporary times, the media is littered with violent scenes of sundry and diversity. In the US, crime up surged between 1965 and 1980 and this was attributed to violent media. The authorities responded appropriately and crime rates leveled around 1992. Since then, violent media is allover and there is no equal increase in crime rates. The way out of this long-standing misconception about violent media is to conduct more conclusive research works. Research should be independent and should use credible sources not just opinions and sentiments from the press. Most of the films that are violent have political themes and this may explain in part why many people do not like them. Nevertheless, people should be informed about what is happening around them. In this regard, we should not criminal ize some informative and entertaining sentiments in the media like violent films or movies. Therefore, we can see that, although evidence suggests prolonged exposure to violent media increases aggressive behavior in people, that exposure alone does not cause people to become violent and aggressive for two main reasons. First, there is no established connection between violent entertainment and violent behavior. Additionally, there is enough evidence to show that violent environment leads to violent behaviors more than violent media does.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Barker, Mitchell. The Newson Report: a Case Study in Common Sense in III Effects in The Media /Violence Debate. London: Routledge, 2001. Gauntlett, Dean. Ten Things Wrong with the ‘Effects Model’. Approaches to Audiences – A Reader, 1998. Web. Ward, Michael. Video games, Crime Violence, 2007. Web. This essay on The Effects of Media Violence on People was written and submitted by user Kaia Spencer to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Discover Trompe lOeil Art in Painting and Architecture

Discover Trompe l'Oeil Art in Painting and Architecture French for fool the eye,  trompe loeil art creates the illusion of reality. Through skillful use of color, shading, and perspective, painted objects appear three-dimensional.  Faux finishes like marbling and wood graining add to the trompe loeil effect. Applied to furniture, paintings, walls, ceilings, decorative items, set designs, or building facades, trompe l’oeil art inspires a gasp of surprise and wonder. Although tromper means to deceive, viewers are often willing participants, delighting in the visual trickery. Trompe l'Oeil Art Shading and perspectiveFaux finishes3-D effects Pronounced tromp loi, trompe-l’oeil may be spelled with or without a hyphen. In French, the  Ã…“  ligature is used:  trompe l’œil. Realistic artworks were not described as trompe-loeil until the late 1800s, but the desire to capture reality dates back to ancient times. Early Frescoes Fresco from the House of Meleagro, Pompeii,1st Century.   Photo  ©DEA / G. NIMATALLAH/ Getty   In ancient Greece and Rome, artisans applied pigments to wet plaster to create life-like details. Flat surfaces appeared three dimensional when painters added false columns, corbels, and other architectural ornaments. The Greek artist Zeuxis (5th century B.C.) is said to have painted grapes so convincing, even birds were deceived. Frescoes (plaster wall paintings) found in Pompeii and other archaeological sites contain trompe loeil elements. For many centuries, artists continued to use the wet plaster method to transform interior spaces. In villas, palaces, churches, and cathedrals, trompe loeil images gave the illusion of vast space and distant vistas. Through the magic of perspective and skillful use of light and shadow, domes became sky and windowless spaces opened to imaginary vistas. Renaissance artist Michelangelo (1475 -1564) used wet plaster when he filled the vast ceiling of the Sistine Chapel with cascading angels, Biblical figures, and an enormous bearded God surrounded by trompe loeil columns and beams. Secret Formulas Dresden Triptych, Oil on Oak, 1437, by Jan van Eyck. Dresden State Art Collections, Gemldegalerie Alte Meisterm.   DEA / E. LESSING / Getty Images By painting with wet plaster, artists could give walls and ceilings rich color and a sense of depth. However, plaster dries quickly. Even the greatest fresco painters could not achieve subtle blending or precise details. For smaller paintings, European artists commonly used egg-based tempera applied to wood panels. This medium was easier to work with, but it also dried quickly. During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, artists searched for new, more flexible paint formulas. The Northern European painter Jan Van Eyck (c.1395-c.1441) popularized the idea of adding boiled oil to pigments. Thin, nearly transparent glazes applied over wood panels gave objects a life-like gleam. Measuring less than thirteen inches long, Van Eycks Dresen Triptych is a tour de force with ultra real  images of Romanesque columns and arches. Viewers can imagine they are looking through a window into a Biblical scene. Faux carvings and tapestries enhance the illusion. Other Renaissance painters invented their own recipes, combining the traditional egg-based tempera formula with a variety of ingredients, from powdered bone to lead and walnut oil. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) used his own experimental oil and tempera formula when he painted his famous mural, The Last Supper. Tragically, da Vinci’s methods were flawed and the breathtakingly realistic details began to flake within a few years. Dutch Deceivers Tromp-loeil Still-Life, 1664, by Samuel Dirksz, vanHoogstraten. Dordrechts Museum Collection.   Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images During the 17th century, Flemish still life painters became known for optical illusions. Three-dimensional objects seemed to project from the frame. Open cabinets and archways suggested deep recesses. Stamps, letters, and news bulletins were depicted so convincingly, passersby might be tempted to pluck them from the painting. Sometimes images of brushes and palettes were included to call attention to the deception. There’s an air of delight in the artistic trickery, and it’s possible that the Dutch masters competed in their efforts to conjure reality. Many developed new oil-and wax-based formulas, each claiming that their own offered superior properties. Artists like Gerard Houckgeest (1600-1661), Gerrit Dou (1613-1675), Samuel Dirksz  Hoogstraten  (1627-1678), and Evert Collier (c.1640-1710) could not have painted their magical deceptions if not for the versatility of the new mediums. Eventually, advanced technologies and mass-production made the painting formulas of the Dutch masters obsolete. Popular tastes moved toward expressionist and abstract styles. Nevertheless, a fascination for trompe loeil realism persisted through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. American artists De Scott Evans (1847-1898),  William Harnett (1848–1892), John Peto (1854–1907), and John Haberle (1856-1933) painted meticulous still lifes in the tradition of the Dutch illusionists. French-born painter and scholar Jacques Maroger (1884-1962) analyzed the properties of early paint mediums. His classic text,The Secret Formulas and Techniques of the Masters, included recipes he claimed to have rediscovered. His theories reawakened interest in classical styles, stirred controversy, and inspired writers. Modern Magic Artist Tjalf Sparnaay with one of his megarealistic paintings. cc Tjalf Sparnaay   Merogers return to classical techniques was one of many realistic styles that emerged during the second half of the 20th century. Realism gave modern-day artists a way to explore and reinterpret the world with scientific precision and ironic detachment. Photorealists painstakingly reproduced photographic images. Hyperrealists toyed with realistic elements, exaggerating details, distorting scale, or juxtaposing figures and objects in unexpected ways.  Dutch painter Tjalf Sparnaay (shown above) calls himself a â€Å"megarealist† because he paints â€Å"mega-sized† versions of commercial products. My intention is to give these objects a soul and a renewed presence,† Sparnaay explains on his website. 3-D Street Art Mural for Fontainebleau Hotel, Richard Haas, Designer, Created 1985-86, Demolished 2002. Corbis Documentary / Getty Images Trompe l’oeil by contemporary artists  can be whimsical, satirical, disturbing, or surreal. Incorporated into paintings, murals, advertising posters, and sculpture, the deceptive images often defy the laws of physics and toy with our perception of the world. Artist Richard Haas made deft use of trompe l’oeil magic when he designed a six-story mural for the Fontainebleau Hotel in Miami. False finishes transformed a blank wall into a triumphal arch made of mortared stone blocks (shown above). The enormous fluted column, the twin caryatids, and the bass relief flamingos were tricks of light, shadow, and perspective.The sky and waterfall were also optical illusions, teasing passersby into believing they might stroll through the arch to the beach. The Fontainebleau mural entertained Miami visitors from 1986 until 2002, when the wall was demolished to make way for real, rather than trompe l’oeil, views of the waterside resort. Commercial wall art like the Fontainebleau mural is often transitory. Weather takes a toll, tastes change, and new construction replaces the old. Nevertheless, 3-D street art plays an important role in reshaping our urban landscapes. Time-bending murals by French artist Pierre Delavie conjure historic vistas. German artist Edgar Mueller turns street pavement into heart-thumping views of cliffs and caves. American artist John Pugh opens walls with eye-deceiving images of impossible scenes. In cities around the world, trompe loeil mural artists force us to ask: What is real? What is artifice? What is important? Sources Deceptions and Illusions: Five Centuries of Trompe LOeil Painting, by Sybille Ebert-Schifferer with essays by Sybille Ebert-Schifferer ... [et al.]; Catalog of an exhibition held at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Oct. 13, 2002-Mar. 2, 2003.Historical Painting Techniques, Materials, and Studio Practice, by The J. Paul Getty Trust, 1995 [PDF, accessed April 22, 2017] ; https://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/pdf_publications/pdf/historical_paintings.pdfMusee du Trompe lOeil, museedutrompeloeil.com/en/trompe-loeil/The Secret Formulas and Techniques of the Masters by Jacques Maroger (trans.  Eleanor Beckham), New York: Studio Publications, 1948.

So You Just Got Fired. Now What

So You Just Got Fired. Now What Even if it wasn’t your fault, getting fired can be a traumatic experience. Here are 8 steps you can take to ensure you bounce back. 1. Take a momentSulk. Set yourself a time limit- a week or less- and throw yourself a pity party. Wear sweatpants and have ice cream for breakfast and grieve for the job you lost. Feel all the feels and then cut yourself off and get back on that horse.2. Stop Facebook stalkingNo good can come of you and social media right now. You’ll only compare your current situation to everyone else’s apparently devastating success- the constant feed full of fancy promotions and careers, even marriages and babies. Remember that your current situation does not define the scope of your life or career and take a breather from all the bragging of your network.3. Open the windowThe door is closed. That sucks. But now you get to find the window. There will always be a window. Reframe how you’re looking at this loss, and turn it into a gain. What do you now have the freedom to pursue? Figure that out and go get it.4. Soul searchYou’ve turned the positivity corner. Now you’re strong enough to examine what you may have done wrong- or failed to do really well- so you can prevent that from happening again. This could be a valuable learning experience for you. Even if you learn that you just picked a rotten company at a rotten time. Figure out how you can make yourself a better worker having learned where your performance was perhaps not perfect.5. Take it on the chinAsk former coworkers you trust how they view the situation. Ask them to give you straight-up, honest feedback, then listen to what they have to say. Don’t argue. Just take in their view and examine it in the comfort of your own home. Ask yourself what you can take away from what they said in order to do better next time.6. Make a planNow that you’ve learned more about your weaknesses (and are starting to feel that sneaky despair again), it ’s time to get back into the positive and proactive realm. Make a plan for improving each thing on your newfound list of faults, whether major or minor. Turn all of this difficult feedback into a new set of goals you can work at, reach, and celebrate.7. Get physicalNever underestimate the endorphin rush of exercise. Or the confidence you’ll gain from realizing your bod is getting hotter by the day. Your self-esteem will thank you.8. Be gratefulWrite a thank you note. Or ten. To your former boss, your colleagues. Most importantly, to your former supervisor for the opportunity and the things you learned from them. You’ll never know when you might cross paths again.

Mouth care to reduce ventilator-Associated pneumonia Essay

Mouth care to reduce ventilator-Associated pneumonia - Essay Example However, in most of the patients, the VAP is caused by a combination of organisms. The diagnosis of VAP is difficult, making it difficult to account for VAP incidences. The endotracheal tube increases the risks of VAP by prevention of cough, prevention of upper airways filtering and inhibition of epiglottis and upper ways reflex actions. The most risk patients are patients over the age of 65, with underlying chronic illness. This condition is also prevalent in patients with immunosuppressant and previous pneumonia infection. Oral hygiene The significance of a patient’s oral and nasal hygiene is overlooked in most cases, even though it is the most basic of all the nursing interventions. The use of closed suction system (CSS) contributes significantly to the reduction of these cases (Rello et al., 2010). The mouth is a host of both the normal flora and the pathogenic organisms. Most of the studies advocate the use of chlorohexidine. However, it is important to understand that ov eruse of this oral rinse could result in the reduction of the oral bacterial load. This could lead to the development of chlorohexidine resistant organisms. The common suction program can be used to reduce colonization. The installation of the endotracheal tube prevents the glottis closure. ... Oral hygiene is significant in prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) due to the oral factors, encouraging the colonization of the bacteria (Hutchins et al., 2009). For example, mechanically ventilated patients in neurological and intensive care units are at a higher risk of development of VAP due to factors such as decreased levels of consciousness, dry open mouth and the increased levels of micro aspiration of secretions. Several interventions could be adopted for the prevention of VAP. However, oral hygiene is one of the most important and significant intervention. The oral care includes timed tooth brushing, in combination with the other measures can be effective in the control of this condition. Some of the best practices include education of the staff on the effectiveness of oral hygiene in reduction of VAP incidences. The study should surround the factors surrounding the reduction of colonization and aspiration. In addition, avoidance of unnecessary antibiotics an d nasal intubation in addition to oral hygiene can contribute significantly to the reduction of colonization. Maintenance of a clean healthy mouth through the prevention of plaque buildup biofilm on the teeth helps in reducing the risks associated with the development t of VAP. Oral hygiene care involves the use of mouth rinses, gel or toothbrush in combination to the aspiration of different mouth secretions can increase reduces the risk of infection with VAP. Previous studies revealed that the use of chlorohexidine mouthwash or gelled contributes to approximately 40% reduction in the chances of development of VAP (Reagan, 2011). Some of the best practices include education of the staff on effectiveness of oral hygiene in reduction of VAP

The Culture of Corruption in India, and its Impact on the Indian Article

The Culture of Corruption in India, and its Impact on the Indian Society - Article Example That would be the case if the effect of the rope is positive. Let’s consider that the rope stands as a symbol of the culture that surrounds us – family traditions, religious beliefs, work ethic – and the stone represents our core individual values. Thus, if a person’s values are not strong enough, the cultural rope would quickly find its way through simply since it surrounds the person within. It is only a matter of time before the culture of the rope corrupts the rigidity of the stone no matter how strong its values are. The same evening, while returning home in a hurry, I accidently jumped a red light on a small traffic signal. The traffic policeman immediately pointed at me to pull over to the side of the street. The officer was a big fellow with a turban on his head representing the colors of the Punjab Police. It took me a while to gather the confidence to reach for my wallet and pull out a five-hundred rupee bill. I rolled my window down, slowly fill ed my breath, and without saying a word just handed the officer the bill concealed in a handshake. He immediately knew what it was, and the second he could catch a glimpse of the number ‘500’ on the bill, he let me pass scot-free and wished me a good evening. There was no mention of any driver’s license, car insurance or proof of ownership. It did not strike me until later that I had just purchased the law out of my wallet from none other than a symbol of the law. The officer, who is supposed to enforce the laws created by the state, had given me the liberty to walk away from the consequences of breaking the law. The way in which the incident had occurred shows that there is an understanding between citizens and the police, where such actions are expected by both parties. Any citizen who jumps a traffic light and is asked to pull over knows that the penalty is far greater than the one thousand rupee fine. The fine is combined with the confiscation of one’s driving license, the car’s proof of registration, and multiple trips to the local courthouse spanning over a few weeks, or sometimes even months. The service at these courthouses is not much different from the Los Angeles DMVs – rude, excruciatingly slow, and inefficient. A simple affair of paying a traffic fine becomes a month’s job. The courageous act of handing over the bribe to the traffic policeman saves one from all that trouble. People look for the easiest, most convenient way out of their problems. Mandeville calls it psychological hedonism, an idea that each individual seeks his own benefit. The citizen finds his benefit in bribing the one policeman rather than running around the corridors of local courts for weeks. The traffic policeman understands his responsibility to uphold the law to the best of his ability. His twelve-hours a day, six days a week duty pays him a meager salary after government cuts, which is barely enough for him to sustain his ba sic necessities. The opportunity to earn a few extra bucks comes rarely to him, but it remains an opportunity that he fails to miss. He does, however, face a moral dilemma – between his honest core values and the easy money being presented to him – every time that the opportunity arises. Therefore, when the price is right – and by right I mean high ‘

Book Review - English as an International Language Essay Example for Free

Book Review English as an International Language Essay The blurb of this contribution to the scientific research of English states that this language does not only matter in the context of linguistics but also in other subcategories of science like â€Å"sociocultural, political and pedagogical† fields. The reason is seen in the matter of English being a lingua franca that is used in all areas of these studies and therefore the books goal is to take a closer look into the complexity of the international usage of English. The book is kept in a light tone of brown on the outside. On the cover there is a picture of a globe published in Digital Shock in 1997, obviously underlining the focus on inter-nationality. Title and Editor are kept in white. The book spine gives a short introduction about the focus and provides the reader with some quotes of well-known scholars like Janina Brutt-Griffler and Ryuko Kubota. At the beginning of the book, the lists of acknowledgments, contributors and abbreviations are located, followed by an overview by the editor Farzard Sharifian. The work is split into four parts namely: 1. Native/ Non native Divide: Politics, Policies and Practices; 2. EIL, Attitudes and Identity(ies); 3. EIL, Teacher Education and Language Testing: Gaps and Challenges; 4. The Scope of EIL: Widening, Tightening and Emerging Themes. All of the parts contain 3 essays, except the fourth chapter that provides five different endings. In order to give a brought overview, I will summarize each essay in short and name the convincing and the missing points. The introduction states that the focus of this book is â€Å"on communication rather than on the speakers nationality† (p. 5). The reason for this focus lies within the critique that English language teachers express while looking at the results of such a research. This reveals a unilateral measure, excluding the scientific field of English language teaching and underlining the focus on more political issues. However, it already gives a certain sense to the difference between English as an international language (EIL) and English as it is taught in school. This overview deepens on the following pages dealing with the difference of â€Å"politics, policies and practices† (p. 6) and the more precise definition of EIL. By looking closer on attitudes and identities, the author takes position in recent debates and controversies e. g. based on the â€Å"NS-NNS accent†. Even though he declares an assumption stating that â€Å"English native speakers have no difficulty understanding each other† (p. 8) to be wrong, he at the same time provides the readers with the pro and contra arguments in such a debate. Due to the fact of his entry being more or less an introduction, Sharifian succeeds in not going to far into detail but giving hints of what will be dealt with in the following. The starting chapter is mainly concerned with the politics influencing English as an international language. The first essay is contributed by Adrian Holliday, professor for linguistics at the Canterbury Christ Church University in the UK. He argues that English as a lingua franca cannot be dealt with on sociolinguistic grounds alone but must be seen as phenomenon of changing ownership. With this statement he does not question the lingua franca movement but rather points out possible problems resolving from this point of view (p. 21). After providing the reader with background knowledge of the movement establishes a distinction of native and non-native speakers based on the question whether or not this is a distinction to be made on linguistic or political foundation. In the end he comes to the conclusion that due to their distance to the language, non-native speakers are more critical about English as a lingua franca. With the combination of political and linguistic approaches, Holliday provides the reader with a real sense connection of the two fields and therefore this entry is an appropriate contribution to the subject of the book. The next essay is written by Sadia Ali, anthropological linguist from Zayet University. Her focus lies within the field of EIL in the Gulf Corporation Council (GCC) (p. 34). In order to do so she reflects upon the experience of English teachers within this council. This is a major contrast o the focus that Sharifian declared in the beginning of the work. However, by finding out that the employed people in this field are usually native speakers, Ali continues by analyzing their experiences within the alien culture (pp. 40-42). Through the research on the students perceptions, she also enlightens the flip side of the issue and comes to the conclusion that even though the qualification of a teacher does not depend on his/her being a native speaker, hiring processes are still unfair and not adjusted to the actual needs. Additionally, she proposes to give up older convictions of regarding correct English as an attribute of native speaker (pp. 51-52). Marko Modiano from the University of Stockholm takes the same line with the slight adjustment of rather concentrating on European language teaching which in his opinion failed. By providing the reader with tables that reveal the multilingualism in Europe and its state, he claims that the policy of staying with this system causes the failure of English language teaching (pp. 70-76). Even though the arguments seem convincing, Modiano totally neglects the opposite view of English being just used in order to simplify international economical or cultural processes. The second part of the book deals with the characteristics of EIL in particular. The first contribution by David Li, Associate Professor at the University of Hong Kong, aims to research the views of non- native speakers towards intelligibility and identity. In short the discussion whether native speaker based pedagogical models are useful or if pluricentricity should be the norm. Based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative data using a semi-structured questionnaire he comes to the conclusion that teachers should raise the awareness of their students for other varieties of English rather than sticking to a native-speaker based model in order to â€Å"encourage the learners confidences in their own English varieties† (p. 110). The sixth chapter is published by Enric Llurda is a Professor Applied Linguistics at the University of Lleida, Spain. His scrutiny is located within the fields of native models among second language users and teachers and their pervasiveness. He establishes a connection between non-native English speakers and the phenomenon of the Stockholm Syndrom (p. 119). He claims that non-native speaking English teachers are accepting proposals and formulation â€Å"that relegate to mere spectators and at times executioners of native speaker norms† (p. 119). After establishing a connection between these teacher and EIL, he further describes the attitudes between the two and comes to the conclusion that there is a â€Å"need to overcome non-native English speaking teachers and their subordination to native speakers models† (p. 28). Additionally, he provides possible solutions e. g. to gibe teachers more opportunities to develop their language skills. (pp. 130-131). EIL migrant teacher identities is the field of investigation of Bojana Petric, a lecturer at the Department of Language and Linguistics at the University of Essex. Taking into consideration the mobility of English language educators, she wants to give an overv iew into the role of a migrant teacher within his/hers classroom. Her results are based on interviews with four English teachers in Hungary. These interviews brought her to the conclusion that various factors have an influence on the teachers constructions of identities. However by admitting that e. g. gender, race or class have also impact to a certain extend she reveals that the research on this field is just one out of many to tackle the issue of migrant teachers (pp. 148-149). The third part of the entire book already gives an impression of more future oriented essays, aiming to improve backward conditions. The first essay subscribe to that and is written by Vaidehi Ramanathan, a Professor for Socio/Applied linguistics at the university of California, and Brian Morgan from the the York University in Toronto. From a more critical point of view the two argue that globalization makes the problem of classes and their inequality more complex than before and has therefore also an influence on teaching English to speakers of other Languages (TESOL). The interesting thing about this article is the structure of it. Both authors engage in some kind of dialogue and thus the arguments add up and reflect upon each other. Be that as it may they come to the conclusion that that globalization results in significant challenges for â€Å"new scholars and practitioners in TESOL† (p. 166-167) which at the same time help lead to new possibilites in ways of approach. While all preceding chapters deal with whole parts of the globe e. g. the Eastern bloc, chapter 9 focuses on preparation programs in Japan for English teachers. Aya Matsuda, Assistant Professor at Arizona State University, takes a stand in the debate about the Japanese action plan â€Å"to cultivate Japanese with English abilities. (p. 169) and in how far World English and EIL are incorporated into such a program. In order to do so, she used a questionnaire for Universities having an accredited teacher preparation program to collect the information needed. After the evaluation she draws to a close that the current preparation programs are â€Å"attempting to increase their students awareness of the sociolinguistic complexity† (p. 8 7). However, it will take more time to further improve these programs and to make them a good instrument to change the teaching methods and hence our society. The test that almost every student of English has encountered during his studies is the TOEFL. For this reason, Sarah Zafar Khan, director of the Effat English Academy at Effat College in Saudi Arabia, puts tests like this in comparison to the notion of English as an international language. She basically questions the dominance of standard American variety of English and the parts of the TOEFL test. In short is there a hegemony or not. To provide a practical example she integrates a case study from Saudi Arabia (pp. 195-197). Through her research, she sums up that students are able to use English for communicative reasons, still, they are not explicitly acquainted to the standardized American English occurring in the TOEFL. Thus she demands a change in the system of English testing for non-native speakers (p. 204). In the fourth part of the book, Paul Roberts and Suresh Canagarajah (the first is a publisher of ELT books and worked as an English teacher in 8 countries, the other Professor for Language Learning at Pennsylvania State University) open up with a glance spoken English in an international encounter. In order to do so, they concentrate on a conversation between five non-native speaking persons, all of them with a different nationality. Through this procedure they find out that â€Å"ELF 2 speakers have the capacity to negotiate English when the context demands it. † (p. 224). Due to the fact that capacities like this have been left out of linguistic literature so far, the assumption may come up that this is just possible because of the special circumstances both authors created. Be that as it may, it reveals that the strategies of communication are based on the circumstances and not on capability of the speakers themselves. The twelfth chapter is written by Sandra Lee McKay, Professor for English at the University of San Francisco. She concentrates on the pragmatics and EIL pedagogy. The author desires more attention to the teaching of pragmatics in English as an EIL. Mainly paying attention to L2/L2 interactions, the foundation for her argument is built upon the hybridity of modern interactions in English (pp. 127-128). The outcome of her research is that non-native speakers of English are more likely to use constructions or words of their L1 systems. In cases such as this, she proposes the working out of a specific communicative strategy to clarify certain concepts of English (p. 251). The final chapter fourteenth chapter with scholarships and the role of English connected to it. Andy Kirkpatrick, Head of the English Department at the Hong Kong Institute for Education, considers â€Å"the implications of the rise of English as the international language of scholarship for the dissemination of indigenous knowledge. †(p. 255). The main source of his investigation is Chinese medicine and its international transition. With this he proves that a cultural property such as traditional medical procedures, are widely spread across the globe through the help of English language. Still he thinks that this is not a thread to the Chinese tradition because the medical procedures still vary even if they claim to be Chinese. In brief the change in Chinese medicine would have sooner or later anyway (pp. 266-268). The final chapter is contributed by Eric Anchimbe, assistant Professor of English Linguistics at the University of Bayreuth. He analyzes the differences of local and international standards. Therfore he concentrates on Indigenized Varieties of English that have spread in the recent decades and are also referred to as New Englishes. In the following he underlines the differences e. g. to non-native Englishes (pp275-277). Anchimbe proves that the variation of English is not only based on misconception but â€Å"asymmetrical power relations as well as social constructs sustained through colonially-inherited discourses† (p. 84). Also, to him it is inevitable that the language of English changes like everything in the progress of globalization. All in all the contributions to the book are more than satisfactory concerning the actual goal announced by Sharifian in the introduction. However, it is sometimes hard for the reader to draw the connection between goal and entry of the book. The single texts are easy to approach and combine statistical research with comprehensible conclusions. Another point that is well done, is the fact that all texts are written from different authors from different parts of the world. This is of course necessary for a book that researches international facts in English, still the range of countries taken into consideration is remarkable. One point that does not succeed is the division into different chapters and parts. First of all it really confusing regarding the fact that there are so many texts. Also the division does not make sense because many texts have similar approaches and goals and are still not part of the same chapter. In comparison to other linguisitic books of research the topic is rather detailed. Therefore some entries appear to repeat many facts from each other. Still, by taking a closer look to the chapters, it becomes clear that every author uses the points for different ways of arguing in favor or against his topic. I think this book would make a great contribution to every language class. It shows that English is not only substantial in English speaking countries, but all over the world due to economy and culture and the influences of globalization.

Discussing Impression Formation Essay -- Psychology, Solomon Asch

Impression formation and stereotypes First impressions are considered very important. It is very common to hear people talk about the importance of giving a good first impression because that very first moment in which people see or meet someone new, shows them the kind of person they are most likely to be. How is personality impressions formed? Do first impressions have a much greater impact on judgements than subsequent impressions? How first impressions are formed has been a subject of interest by many researchers in the area of psychology. Past research in this subject suggests that primacy effects exist in impression formation. Solomon Asch (1946) conducted a study to see how people form impressions. Participants were given a set of traits describing a person. The list included Warm, Cold, Polite or blunt (among others). Participants rated the Generosity, Happiness, sociability and popularity (among other words) of the new person. One explanation was that we form impressions using some kind of gestalt or whole picture, with each piece of information influencing the others. An intelligent & warm person generates a positive impression an intelligent & cold person generates a negative impression. Asch’s experiments on formations of personality impression suggested that when adjectives describing a person are presented in sequence, the first adjectives have more impact than the later ones. The same words used to describe a person could produce very different ratings of that person depending on the order in which the words were presented. When adjectives with more positive meaning were given first followed by words with less positive meaning, the participants tended to rate that person more positively, but when t... ... saying what they think or believe. Taking all this information into consideration, the present study sought to investigate the effects occupational stereotypes have on forming impressions and personality judgements. The aim of the study was to see how different groups of participant rated a photograph of an unknown individual on things such as likability, wealth, education and status. This was done by using three separate groups, the same face was used on each image but the job title was changed for each test group. The experimental hypothesis states that the participants would rate the lower class job titles lower on likeability and financial status and the higher class job titles higher on wealth and likeability. The hypothesis being that the job title of solicitor would be rated higher in all aspects of likeability than the job title of Dustbin man.

Business Statistics Essay

Technology has brought to the sport of golf a revolution in golf equipment. Clubs swing faster and the balls fly higher and further. The average driving distance of golf pros has gone from 260 yards in 1992 to 286 yards in 2003. However, with all of these improvements in distance, it is not all that clear whether players have improved their accuracy or whether their scores have gotten better. The Professional Golfers Association (PGA) has collected performance data on the 125 top-earning PGA Tour pros. The task of this analysis is to determine whether there exists any relationship between certain aspects of the game such as driving distance, accuracy and overall performance, among others. Description of the data is as follows: Money refers to the total earnings in PGA Tour events. Scoring Average is the average a golfer scores per round. DrDist refers to the average driving distance measured in yards per drive. This measurement is composed of two drives measured on different wholes with opposing wind directions and with no regard to accuracy. DrAccuracy is the percentage of times that a drive lands on the fairway. Every drive is measured with the exception of par 3’s. GIR, or Greens in Regulation refers to the percentage of times that the golfer was able to hit the green in regulation. Hitting the green in regulation consists of getting the ball to the green in par minus 2 strokes. This analysis will study whether there exits any relationship between: driving distance and scoring average; driving accuracy and scoring average; GIR and scoring average; driving accuracy and driving distance. This analysis will also determine which of these variables is most significant in terms of scoring average. Descriptive Statistics The data used in this report consists of information regarding the top 125 players in the PGA Tour based on earnings. The data includes the total amount earned in PGA Tour events, the average number of strokes per completed round, the average number of yards per measured drive, the percentage of time a tee shot comes to rest in the fairway, and the percentage of time a player was able to hit the green in regulation. Care was used in collection of the data to ensure a proper sample. For the average number of yards per measured drive (DrDist), the selection of two holes facing opposite directions to counteract the effect of the wind was used to limit outside factors. Also the point where the ball came to rest was measured regardless of whether or not it was on the fairway. Driving accuracy (DrAccu) was measured on every hole with the exception of par 3’s. For the percentage of time a player was able to hit the green in regulation (GIR), the stroke was determined by subtracting two from par. The data collected was then summarized both numerically and graphically to determine if any relationship exists improvements in technology and golfers performance. Appendix A depicts both graphically and numerically the summary of all data. The mean amount earned is $1791113 and the mean scoring average is 71. 03. For the data the mean distance is 288. Appendix B shows the relationship between scoring average and driving distance. The use of regression analysis shows an F of . 608 and a p-value of . 437. With a p-value ≠¥ .01 the null hypothesis is to be accepted. While accepting the hypothesis recognizes statistical significance, it is necessary to investigate further whether a relationship between scoring average and driving distance exists. Regression analysis was also used to find a relationship between scoring average and driving accuracy. Appendix C shows that an F of 5. 91 and a p-value of . 016. With a p-value ? .01 the null hypothesis is to be accepted in this case. The relationship between scoring average and greens in regulation was also investigated using regression analysis. The regression analysis showed an F of 39. 3 and a p-value of 5. 75. With the p-value ≠¥ .01, the null hypothesis should be accepted. The hypothesis shows statistical significance between scoring averages and greens in regulation. Appendix D shows the results of the relationship between scoring average and greens in regulation. Appendix F shows that with driving distance used as the independent variable and driving accuracy as the dependent variable the resulting p-value is 1. 72. The null hypothesis should be accepted in this case with the p-value ≠¥ .01. The data shows that with a p-value of . 16 the driving accuracy appears to be the least significant factor in terms of average score. With a p-value of 5. 75 greens in regulation appears to be the most significant factor in terms of average score. Interpretation of Statistics PGA golfers have increased their driving distance due to new advanced technology of golf balls and golf clubs. In the past, the average driving distance has ranged from 260-286 yards. The goal of this study is to see the relationship between driving distance and player performance in terms of their accuracy with long range shots. This information is taken from the 008 PGA Tour and covers 125 players. The study’s null hypothesis deals with the link between variables of interest, driving distance, driving accuracy and greens in regulation, and states that increased driving distance has no effect on players’ accuracy and performance. The alternative hypothesis has a relationship between the golfers’ accuracy and driving distance. Our team used a scatter diagram to show the relationship between the two variables. We used a straight line model which has a linear regression. Our two variables on our scatter plot are scoring average and driving distance. There is no functional relation between the variables because there cannot be a straight line that passes through every point, however there is a statistical relation because all the points on the plot are scattered randomly around the line. We are using a simple linear regression model due to the one independent variable. Response is another name for the dependent variable, y. The slope is rise over run or the change in x to y. In Appendix F, the ANOVA shows the scoring average and driving distance. The coefficient gives us the information for the simple regression model. The constant is 70. 4 and gives us the y intercept and the slope coefficient is 0. 00342356. The null proves that there is not a relationship between the players’ average and performance. According to the 95% confidence interval demonstrates that the intercept is within the range of 67. 53551 and 73. 35093 and the slope coefficient is within the range of -0. 00527 and . 014914. The summary in the Appendix re gression gives us data about the analysis. Column one tells us that there is only a single independent variable. The following column states the relationship between the observed dependent variable and the predicted dependent variable. The simple Pearson’s correlation is the same thing as the one independent variable and has a correlation between the two variables. The coefficient of determination tells us proportions and how they can be credited to the x variable. The variation in scoring average is 0. 005% and is caused by the variation in driving distance. Lastly, the standard error of estimate tells us that it is not the same as our original prediction and is off by a score of 0. 42. The Appendix gives us the analysis of variance related to regression analysis. The mean square is represented by the degrees of freedom and the residual degrees of regression. The F-statistic shows a ratio of explained variance to not explained variance. If the regression sum of square is zero then that would mean the independent variable is not associated with the dependent variable’s variation. The larger the sum of squares the more the variation can be viewed by looking at the dependent variable. The F value is . 60774 with a p value of 0. 43714. Therefore, we can accept the null hypothesis because there is no relationship between the scoring average and driving distance. This is exemplified in Appendix E(1), where total driving distance was divided by total score. The higher the %, the lower the score. In this case, there is no trend in the chart because there is no correlation to driving distance and scores. Appendix E(2) shows the relationship between driving accuracy and scores, with the same inverse relationship. The higher the driving accuracy percentage, the lower the score. The graph shows a slight downward trend, meaning there is a slight correlation between accurate drives and better scores. Appendix E(3) shows that, by the same standard as E(1) and (2), there is a more noticeable downward trend. This goes to show that a green in regulation (GIR), although not always, will generally mean lower scores. Accuracy is more important than driving distance. Formulation of Analysis We now can determine if there is a relationship with players’ scoring average and driving distance, because of the statistical information associated with the PGA players. The biggest factor used to prove this relationship is the regression analysis. This lets us look at two variables and figure out if they are linked. The scoring average is the independent variable and the other three are the dependent variables. We used an excel spreadsheet to examine our values. Applying these numbers we are able to find the relationship between our variables. The observed variables are smaller and have a positive relationship between them. We used a 99% confidence level to show the link in scoring average and our variables. Players who have a higher than 99% level tend to drive the ball farther and typically have lower scores. Those players have an intercept of 73. 3509, compared to those that are lower than 99% who have an intercept of 66. 2953. Next, the only positive relationship we can see between the variables is the fact that players that are more accurate tend to have lower scores. Therefore we can reach the conclusion that accuracy improves scores. Conclusion and Recommendations The data shows that a correlation exists between scoring average, driving distance, and hitting greens in regulation. The regr ession analysis showed a p-value of . 02 showing that while a relationship exists between accuracy and scoring average it is relatively small. The relationship between driving distance and accuracy are dependent. With a p-value of 1. 72 the analysis shows that the more accurate the player is the further they are able to drive the ball. By making driving accuracy the dependent variable and driving distance the independent variable, the analysis showed that accuracy is dependent on the driving distance. The data for the analysis was collected for players on the PGA Tour for 2008. The data does not contain historical information on previous years. Without looking at data from previous years it cannot be determined if improvements in technology have resulted in the improvements for players. The data does show that it is important for the player to be able to drive the ball further in order to be more accurate. It also shows that player’s scores are improved with accuracy. With technology that produces clubs that are able to drive further the result is more accurate shots and therefore, better scores. By continuing to make improvement with clubs that are lighter and allow the players to swing harder and faster, players will continue to become more accurate in their shots. The more accurate the shots the better the scores of the players.

P1 web architecture and components ver2

Web architecture: Web architecture is a way of designing and planning of websites that include different areas like WWW, ISP etc. Such web architectures are discussed below. Internet Service provider: Internet Service Provider (ISP) is the organizations which provide internet services to the people and other organizations. ISP provides different software packages which includes surname, password, and access to the phones and sometimes to the TV channels. For this service their customer pays certain amount to their package.There are different organizations which provide internet service and have different features like different speed of connection to the internet. The speed of the internet connection affects the performance of the websites such as the download speed of a video clip. Web Hosting Service: Web hosting service is an internet hosting service which allows the individual and larger organizations to host their website. The website can be accessed and viewed using World Wide Web.The client pays a certain amount of money monthly to their web hosting service and these hosts provide storage capacity and different management facilities and technical support and service. These host company charges the organization or the individual by looking the static of how many users use the website per month and other various features on the web. Domain Structure: Domain name is the address of the website in the World Wide Web called IP address. This can be accessed through the internet. Such addresses are difficult to remember and might not have meaning with regards to the web page.So the owner of the website has to purchase a domain name to link to the IP address so that their website can be accessed to the internet. The domain names are kept easier so that the user can understand and remember it. A easier example of a domain name is www. Google. Com† which also owns other domain name â€Å"www. Google. Co. UK†. â€Å"WWW is the prefix and â€Å". Comâ €  is the suffix whereas the character between them is the domain name. Domain Name Registrars: Domain Name registrars are the organizations that have authority to the domain names.They provide the domain name and manage the reservation of the internet domain names. The domain name registrars on the I-J are Goddard. Com and 123-erg. Co. UK. When they offer the domain name to the weapon owner, they also claim some amount of money. The registrars have a package of certain amount of certain amount of time. Thus, the longer the mount of the time, the higher the amount of money the weapon owner has to pay to their registrars. World Wide Web: World Wide Web (WWW) is a way of accessing the information stored on the internet.It uses different types of computer languages like http to transmit information. WWW contains text, images, videos, audio and many other multimedia which can be viewed by using browser. Hardware: We can use different types of hardware which help provide internet serv ice. Such hardware includes web server, mail server, proxy server, routers etc. Web Server: Web servers stores web pages and delivers those web pages to the user by using be language http to the web browser. Web server can both be hardware and software. Any individual can turn their computer to the web server by installing the server software.Each server has limited capacity so the website which is hugely us all over the world has multiple web servers. Mail Server: Mail server is a computer server which consists of storage area where email for local users is stored. This server sends and receives emails. This type of server only controls the email traffic on the internet. Proxy Server: Proxy server is a server which shares the internet connection and other services. It is like a web browser which is in between the user and the web server. It can sometimes improve the performance for the users and filters the requests by the user.It is mostly used on the business organizations and co lleges. It is to prevent the students and the staffs' access from specific web sites during the official hour. Router: A router is a device that is connected to two or more networks. Router forwards the data packets along to the different networks. Once the packet is sent from the computer to the router it forwards to the different router till the packet is received by the final device. Router maintains the movement of the packet in the internet while transferring the packet between the user and the server.Software: There are various types of software which links the computer to the internet and other networks. Browser is one of them which locates and displays the content on the World Wide Web. There are various kinds of browser such as Google chrome, Safari, Firebox, Internet Explorer used to surf the internet and web pages. These are the famous and leading browser in the world. Some browsers are preinstall on the new computers while the other browsers can be downloaded from the in ternet on ere of cost. Email is the other software which is used to receive and send the emails from the email server.The user has their own activated account through which they can send various messages like text, video and pictures. Protocols: Transport and addressing egg TCP/IP Application layer HTTP, HTTPS, ESMTP Web Functionality Web 2. 0: Web 2. 0 is the second generation of the www. It is focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share information online. It keeps static web pages that don't change. It has richer content/broadband. Went 2. 0 refers to the transition from tactic HTML web pages to more dynamic web that is more organized and is based on serving web application to the users.Dynamic website contains web pages that are generated dynamically. Each time the user access to the web page, the HTML is generated in real time and is sent to the user's browser. For example: Amazon is a dynamic website. When the user gets access to it, the page displays the types of products which might make interest the user by analyzing the users' purchase history. The site generates the weapon differently to the different users. Blobs: Blob is a personal web page on which the user records and posts their thoughts and pinions, their research and hypothesis principal etc. N a regular basis. The other users can reply to their comments. The blobs are used to share information on the internet. Nowadays the user can use more features and function as compared to the start days of the blob. The blobs are kept up to date so that the information shared is accurate and reliable. Online Application: Online application has changed in recent years. Microsoft office used for home and office purpose now is being used as an online version of word office 365. People can access to the online version and use the word.It is cheaper than to buy the whole software package and easy to access via internet. When there is no internet connection the online version cannot be used. Ad ditionally, online versions don't have many features than the Microsoft Home office. Other examples include games hosting online accessing via internet (online games) and emails. Cloud Computing: Cloud computing is an internet based computing in which different service like servers and storage and application are transferred to an organizations' computer system via internet. It has an ability to run an application on many connected at the same time.

32 Interesting Facts About Princess Diana

32 Interesting Facts About Princess Diana Diana was popularly called Princess Diana, but this is not her proper title. Before marriage, and after her father became Earl, she was Lady Diana. After marriage, she was Diana, Princess of Wales. She was permitted to keep that title, though not Her Royal Highness, after her divorce from Prince Charles. Lady Diana had an aristocratic upbringing in England and quickly became an adored member of the British royal family. Her passions included interest in music, dance, and children. Diana passed away in a tragic car crash in 1997 while visiting Paris, during an escape from the paparazzi, where it was soon discovered that the driver of her taxi was under the influence of alcohol. 32 Interesting Facts About Princess Diana Diana, Princess of Wales, was 510 tall.Diana was a commoner and not royal at her marriage. She was, however, part of the British aristocracy, descended from King Charles II.Dianas traces her lineage to King Charles II through her father. Diana was related to Winston Churchill and 10 U.S. presidents: George Washington, John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Calvin Coolidge, Millard Fillmore, Rutherford B. Hayes, Grover Cleveland, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and both Bush presidents.  She was also related to the actor Humphrey Bogart.Her stepmother was the daughter of famous romance novelist Barbara Cartland.She grew up with two sisters and two brothers.  The siblings were close in childhood.Charles dated one of Dianas older sisters before he dated Diana.Diana won an award at school for taking good care of her guinea pig.At school, she was talented in music and especially on the piano.After graduation, she took a course in cooking on the advice of her mother.Queen Elizabeth II is the godmotherà ‚  of Dianas brother. Four of Dianas ancestors were mistresses to British kings.Diana was the first British citizen to marry an heir to the British throne since 1659 when the future James II married Anne Hyde. Queen Elizabeth IIs mother was a British citizen, but when she married the future King George VI, he was not the heir apparent to the throne; his brother was.Prince Charles proposed at Buckingham Palace on February 3, 1981.At the time of her engagement, Diana was working in a preschool playgroup as an assistant.Dianas ring, with 14 solitaire diamonds and a 12-carat sapphire, is worn today by her sons wife, Kate Middleton.Diana was 12 years younger than Charles.Her wedding had a television audience of 750 million.Diana met several times with Mother Teresa, including in the Bronx, New York, in June of 1997. Ironically, Mother Teresas death on September 6, 1997, was practically eclipsed by the news surrounding Dianas funeral. Diana was buried with a set of rosary beads given to her by Mother Teresa. Prince Charles 1994 television interview with Jonathan Dimbleby drew a British audience of 14 million viewers. Dianas 1994 television interview on BBC drew 21 million viewers.Dianas tragic death has been compared to that of Marilyn Monroe and Princess Grace of Monaco. Diana attended Princess Graces funeral as her first official state visit abroad. Elton John adapted his tribute to Marilyn Monroe, Candle in the Wind, for Dianas funeral, and recorded the new version to raise money for causes Diana had supported.Some 2.5 billion people around the world saw at least some part of her funeral via television or in person.Her grave is on an island in an ornamental lake on her familys estate, Althorp Park. The site is surrounded with four black swans guarding the tomb and oak trees numbering 36, for the years of her life, are on the path to the grave.$150 million in donations were received in the week following the creation of the Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund right after her death. This fund continues to support many causes that were important to her during her lifetime. Among many charities supported by Princess Diana was the International Campaign to Ban Landmines. This effort won a Nobel Peace Prize a few months after her death.Another issue important to Diana was HIV/AIDS. She worked to end the stigma against people with the illness and for equality and compassion for those affected.In 1977, Diana taught Charles to tap-dance. They did not start dating until 1980.While Charles loved polo and horses, Diana had little interest in horses after a fall from a horse. However, she developed an interest in her riding instructor, Major James Hewitt.In a 1995 BBC interview, during her separation from Charles and before their divorce, she admitted that she had committed adultery during her marriage.  This was after it was revealed that Charles had had an affair.Her autobiography details mental health issues including eating disorders and suicide attempts.Her divorce settlement included a lump sum of $22.5 million and an annual income of $600,000 per year t o continue funding her office. Diana was on the cover of Time magazine eight times, Newsweek seven times, and People magazine more than 50 times. When she was on the cover of a magazine, sales soared.Camilla Parker-Bowles, after her marriage to Prince Charles, could have used the title Princess of Wales but chose to use Duchess of Cornwall instead, deferring to the public association of the former title with Diana.

Boyles Law Definition in Chemistry

Boyle's Law Definition in Chemistry Boyles law states that the pressure of an ideal gas increases as its container volume decreases. Chemist and physicist Robert Boyle published the law in 1662. The gas law is sometimes called Mariottes law or the Boyle-Mariotte law because French physicist Edme Mariotte independently discovered the same law in 1679. Boyles Law Equation Boyles law is an ideal gas law where at a constant temperature, the volume of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its absolute pressure. There are a couple of ways of expressing the law as an equation. The most basic one states: PV k where P is pressure, V is volume, and k is a constant. The law may also be used to find the pressure or volume of a system when the temperature is held constant: PiVi PfVf where: Pi initial pressureVi initial volumePf final pressureVf final volume Boyles Law and Human Breathing Boyles law may be applied to explain how people breathe and exhale air. When the diaphragm expands and contracts, lung volume increases and decreases, changing the air pressure inside of them. The pressure difference between the interior of the lungs and the external air produces either inhalation or exhalation. Sources Levine, Ira. N (1978). Physical Chemistry. University of Brooklyn: McGraw-Hill.Tortora, Gerald J. and Dickinson, Bryan. Pulmonary Ventilation in  Principles of Anatomy and Physiology  11th edition. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, Inc., 2006, pp. 863-867.

Project Management, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project Management, - Essay Example The involvement of the other tenderer that would assist to reduce the gap between the tender and the budget by offering a better solution out of experience from working with different types of tendering items. The tenderer can give directions of acquiring cheaper tools. At the same time, the tenderer can promise to offer a cheaper tender for the same contract. If there is a significant discrepancy noted between the new tenderer and the other tenders, adjustments should therefore be made to seek convenience in the contract. A notification of the tenders- This is to inform you that the scope of the tender has experienced some alterations. According to the budget issued by the principle of the contract, we comprehended that the tenders exceed the budget. Due to lack of enough funds to pay for the project, the project directors have called for the adjustments on the costs of the tender. In that response, I as the contractor, through the guidance of an electrical engineer, have decided to change the scope of the tender so as to reduce the amount of expenditure. The standing mixers in our water plant can be fitted with renovated electrical motors. This would assist the company to achieve some net saving. Legal bases that support this idea can be; according to the distinctions given in section nine, the quality of the materials of work can be changed relatively by the electrical engineer. Any advice given to the contractor by his adviser is adjustable and therefore the contractor has the right to change the scope of the tender. The adviser can change the order or direction in which the work is to be carried out (Engineering and construction, 2004, pg. 34). The specific recommended client can be informed through a notification letter which would provide the strategy arrived ay the contractor and their advisor. A notification to the client would read; After evaluating the three available tenders, PPK Ltd is placed forward with much recommendation. The tender is three hu ndred and sixty five dollars plus GST and comprises twenty tags. Upon the PPK recommendation; the tender has more tags that are accepted without any issue. It consists of the large number of tags yet there does not exist in a large difference in cost between PPK and LMN. ZXK Ltd. is the cheapest tender but has the lowest number of tags. Although the PPK tender is the best for this contract, it would require the highest amount of money. We can make much investment on the PPK so that we can get the best service that would meet our expectations. A notification letter to the tenderer. Kindly note that you, LMN and PPK Ltd, has been selected to perform the contract offered by our company. With respect to the featured information in the tender description, the company considered the PPK tender due to its reasonable number of tags provided in the description. With this response, the company wishes to invite you to a pre-contract meeting, which is programmed for date fourteen of this month. The company shall not violate the available rights of protection towards your tender. The pre-contract meeting shall discuss matters concerning cost, any payments and the reduction in scope of this tender. You will also be expected to provide a specific date for the start of your contract. Letter to LMN The XYZ company has accepted the revised tender amount with the revised contract period. In addition, the company holds much

Life essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Life - Essay Example Right from a young age I have been taught these values and constantly reminded to follow them in my day to day life. As I have learnt the importance of these values early on it has been easy to emulate them and ever since I truly understood these moral values and culture I have been striving to adhere to them. This life is a god given gift and we ought to spend it wisely and earnestly. Through my life experiences I have learnt that leading a principled life has a lot of positive effect on the mental and physical well-being of the individual. In addition it also helps to cope with difficult situations in life. I have also faced several setbacks in life but the moral values and principles that I believe in have given me the strength and courage to face them with a positive spirit and overcome them with right reasoning and tact. Youngsters of the present generation are being lured into all kinds of addictive habits that have damaging effects on their lives and career. It would be very tempting to tread the negative path initially; the actual effects would only be felt later on in life but then it would be too late. Leading a principled life would teach us self-control which would help to refrain from such activities. There is no doubt that the modern world is becoming more unsafe and ruthless due to the dwindling beliefs in family values, culture, tradition and ethics. Violence and criminal activities have also reached a peak. When closely observed the people behind these activities would be those who have lived their lives without any set values or principles which are largely imbibed from family. The increasing divorce rates resulting in broken families can also be attributed to similar factors and children hailing from broken homes by and large resort to deviant activities. Life has become more materialistic and people are ready to go to any extent to achieve materialistic comforts in life. In the process people forget that apart

Mind Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mind - Essay Example I certify that, except where cited in the text, this work is the result of research carried out by the author of this study. The main content of the study which has been presented contains work that has not previously been reported anywhere. This written report is for an assignment about software for collaborative work and phenomenological analysis. The assignment is divided into two activities. Activity 1 deals with the evaluation of the software Timbuktu, which is a remote control and secure encrypted connection software that is used for network management on large and distributed networks. Activity 2 of the assignment presents a brief discussion about phenomenological analysis under the Activity 2 for this part. The software Timbuktu is desktop-to-desktop remote control software for use with computers that have the Windows or the Macintosh operating systems. This software is useful for large distributed networks in which hundreds of computers are linked together over a network that has a substantial spatial spread. Because of the spatial spread, it is likely to be difficult for network maintenance or administrative staff to traverse substantial distances to troubleshoot computers or to load files onto the machines. Timbuktu makes it possible for remote computers to be manipulated through network interconnection with a local computer. This is a great help when very many computers have to be looked after, but it must be noted that at the time of writing, Timbuktu is not available specifically for the Vista operating system, although it is likely that the capability of Vista to run legacy software systems will permit Timbuktu to be used on machines with this operating system. Complimentary media can be considered as being a communications media which is capable of replacing the established or the traditional or which is capable of providing support for

Impact Of E Commerce On Adidas

Impact Of E Commerce On Adidas The next of kin of Adidas registered and laid a foundation named after Adi Dassler in 18th August, 1949. According to a source, removable studs were athletes, footballer footwear choices. Its first soccer appearance was the miraculous victory of Germany against Hungary named as Miracle of Bern in 1954. The presiding years were a talk through aiding an unconventional performance, commitment that desire athletes both from indoors (table to lawn tennis) and outdoors (short to long jumps) etc events. A remarkable high jumper Fosbury Dick stepped into lime light in Adidas foot wear world in the late 1960s. The company has progressed from the death of Adi Dassler to the era of his family members including wife, son and daughters 1980s. with new management in place, where the company CEO became the driving force with Robert Louis Dreyfus reshaping its early functions from being manufacturing and sales to marketing company in 1990. This transition processed to a public liability company, floating on Frankfurt and Paris Stock Exchange in 1995. While in 1996, it achieved a 50% apparel sales increase which recorded its splendid year. As in December 1997, Adidas acquired a Salomon Group (Bonfire, TaylorMade, Salomon and Mavic) renaming as Adidas Salomon AG. The momentum of the new brand started gaining ground with a noticeable digit during the first half of 1999. Remarkably produce efficiency programmes and ambitious growth in 2000. The Olympic Summer Games and the European Soccer Championship, where Ian Thorpe takes three gold medals, contribute to the companys growth. In January 2006, Adidas bought over Reeboky a well known sporting goods industry as its competitive worldwide platform while beginning wider range of product, stronger presence and dominance across athletes, teams, leagues and events. In May the same year, Adidas was renamed from Adidas Salomon AG to Adidas AG were her core strength was narrowed in the apparel, golf category and athletic footwear market. How it used to do business and how e-commerce has transformed its method of working. Adidas earlier business days used to be from factory to warehouse and distributing to different locations, supplying to larger shops. Then, they advertise their goods and service via TV, Radio, and Billboards. But today e-commerce has changed it all by emerging innovation of ecommerce interest. A lot has seen the profit made from this technology and more are still on its way while transforming the pattern businesses transact with each other, in the awake of globalization Online market has not risen to a new height with the significant growth of e-commerce. More also, there has been a communication aspect of customer service to consider, by e-commerce, they found a way by communicating to their customers in electronic. Companies offer a higher percentage of independence for customer products and services of which its top notch deliverable is communicated. So, in that way web and the internet have made it easier for their customers to see what product they want online and order and pay online. The E-commerce Advantages and Disadvantages on Adidas. Customers empowerment: It is a trend that will continue with greater broadband penetration. The adoption of mobile browsing further increases accessibility and the use of social networking sites. This connectivity between consumers offers marketers the opportunity to leverage a growth channel and face the disturbing reality that brands are no longer solely in charge of the information consumers have available to them. Consumers are undoubtedly firmly in control, and with this empowerment have come a greater sense of expectation around service levels and value, and also gives customer wider range to choose from. The objectives to reach diverse people, culture and region promote the sensation around a defined market niche becomes the primary focus of marketing and communication. Most marketing companies communicate with prospective customer in other to establish relationship that may or would result in lasting trust by volunteering free or a trial based product that will build expected brand awareness. Marketing communication maintains customers trust by providing information and reinforcing a purchase habit about the brand benefit. The main objective is based on maintaining a database of customers that would patronize company product and reinforce relationship for prospective retailers and customer base. And product range is where the customer can select online what good and whats not good for and decide what to shop online. Price is where you can check on the favourable goods which is lower is a different product and different company by differentiating which cheaper and better product to buy from. Many Associated costs both in financial and social terms. New skill sets: By increasing awareness, technology and globalisation demand with a new approach from the learning and development specialist. The challenge today is about creating an effective environment in which learners develop the relevant knowledge and skills. This requires a new mindset and skill set from learning and development specialist. Keeping up with technological changes and reviews the case for a global convergence of approach to learning, training and development and determines the extent to which the national cultural differences matter. Retraining staff: By giving employees renewed skills through retraining can be of benefits to them as well the company. This also means their employees are tooled up, which is always of benefit to the company and facing the world which is changing all the time. The present job market requires people to constantly need a portfolio of skills, which means turning a boost for staff if they are given retraining by their firm. Positions downsized or eliminated: Downsizing simply means lying off employees. Management staffs discuss in team determining the cost needed to reduce the expenses and what it takes to secure a high financial reserve. For these very reason downsizing occur, it is normally whereby it is the main fact that fewer employees are necessary to maintain a successful operation, and in many cases where technological advance or breakthrough makes it possible to replace a previously human job. It can also be caused by market or change in government policies which force corporate executives to make coinciding decisions regarding their staff. More also, the major problems in todays business world are the salaries being paid to the workers, since employers are not paying their workers high wages, the workers have little to put back into economy. This forces the companies to downsize to keep from going under. What risks both social and financial the company incurred in introducing an e-commerce system to an organisation. Talking of strategic risks,, there are also many practical risks to manage which if ignored, it can lead to bad customer experiences and bad news stories which lead to damage to the reputation of the company. However, if the customers experience a very bad service, and stop using it, and switch to other online option. Experience which can include the following: . Hackers penetrating the security of the system and stealing credit card details. . Problems of fulfilment of goods ordered online, meaning customer orders goes missing or is delayed and the customer never returns. . E-mail customer-service enquiries from the web site dont reach the right person and are ignored. . Web sites that fail because of a spike in visitor traffic after a pea-hour TV advertising campaign. . Involve in Potentially breaking privacy and data protection laws. The impact that e-commerce has had on its consumer. When exchange of money for goods services happen within or as a transaction between two or more people, its normally done in actual store through business making in person. Electronic commerce or e-commerce as it is widely known suddenly became much more common place, the ability to make a purchase solely on online without having to leave the home was a new idea that has since changed the face of business. Websites such as Amazon.com and Ebay.com were pioneers in this field. In this present days, there are lots of e-commerce websites that people can purchase items from, everything from books and clothing to groceries and pc, tv, phones can now be bought through a website, it all have an impact on economy. By servicing making a doctors appointment can be done through the internet. People can now shop online in the privacy of their own homes without ever having to leave. Using ATM makes it easy for withdrawing cash, and blog for comments. E-commerce has also made it easy for geographical reach, and also can help on online auction. How the company met the challenge of new technology. We can say it is all about improving performance, they explore new processes and technologies when environmental considerations comes in, then the companys team identifies the performance enhancing technology which allows them to build to build the high performance equipment in the most environmental friendly way. There are ways the company met the environmental issues, by change of infrastructure, environmental adaptation, how the component is made and the choice of materials. This is where the company will explore if the component can be thinner, using the less materials means, less waste, less embedded carbon. The component can be made from a lighter material, then that will also reduce carbon emissions, making them for a lookout for bio-based alternatives. Lastly, their current development involving the amount of glue used has been reduced by using laser welding or mechanical locking design, thereby reducing emission What security issues it encountered. Technology: Faces the problems of hackers which break into the entire networks using unsecured wireless devices or access point. Unauthorized users can piggyback onto unsecured networks to use the bandwidth to perform illegal activity and steal sensitive data. Hackers can flood the wireless network with data to make it unusable. Financial: The financial security issues which are complying with the respective applicable laws and regulations. Not ensuring full, fair and accurate, timely and comprehensible disclosure of information in reports, documents and all other publications prepared by them. Not ensuring the timely and accurate documentation of all business transactions in the Adidas group, and that all the assets and resources used by belonging to or entrusted to the Adidas group, are handled responsibly. By not maintaining and share the knowledge required for dealing with financial matters. Physical: In a business environments, physical security of the server maybe lacking or even nonexistent, they encounter problems with employees who steal or sabotage company data, with all the added risk of the network based attacks, the sever will be subjected to connecting it to the internet, keeping the server secured is more of a challenge. Like file security, share security, and password security. Documents which also commonly encountered security problems which can also use troubleshoot and resolve the problems quickly. Though with the password, file and network policies in place to secure access to the server, there is no substitute for solid physical security of the server, if anyone, thief or employee, has physical access to the server, company data can be deleted, compromised, or stolen. How it was able to take advantage of new distribution and sales channels. The function is organised in three distinctive channels, wholesales, retail and e-commerce. By creating business models, their aims are to service multiple customer and consumer needs to fully leverage brand potential, be more responsive to market developments and manage channel synergies by establishing best practices worldwide. They based on availability, convenience and breadth of product offering, as a result, continuously refining the distribution proposition with a strong focus on controlled space includes: . Own-retail business . E-commerce . Mono-branded franchise stores . Joint ventures with retail partners . Co-branded stored with sport organisations and brands To increase the global brand presence and ensure further growth of our business, their global sales function has set up a comprehensive initiative called integrated distribution roadmap. The initiative encompasses a joint approach between the three channels to identify where they want their brands to be represented and in which distribution format in key markets. The initiative will allow us to define how best to capture the consumer in the biggest and most attractive cities around the world without cannibalising the brands and distribution mix. The roadmap is designed to ensure market share growth in underpenetrated affluent cities. Examine what impact that e-commerce has had on the business. The impact of e-commerce on the business has been huge success by enabling businesses and consumers to connect with each other to exchange and share information anyway anytime. Has also made an impact on warehousing space reduction, wider range of customers, more commendation, stock control, stock/share trading. Establishing an online presence to maintain their competitive edge, along with high speed internet connections, the internet has become an essential tool for any business to compete domestically of globally. Businesses are developing web sites to provide their consumers and business partner with information. Show specific reference to increased competition. Several competing firms which are fiercely competing with Adidas which include Nike, Umbro, Puma, Fila, Reebok and Fortune Brands Inc. Adidas did ensure that their goods are high quality at a reasonable price in order to keep the market share. Lower overheads/increased sales etc. Financial expenses income up: Increased income of 28% to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬133 million in 2010 from à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬19 million prior year, mainly due to an increase in interest income as well as positive currency exchange rate effect. The sales development is driven by the positive rising in consumers confidence as the global economy continues to improve. Financial expenses decrease: Financial expenses decreased 34% to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 113 million in 2010 (2009: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 169 million). The non-recurrence of prior year negative currency exchange rate effects as well as lower interest expenses contributed to the decline. What legislation both old and new it had to deal with. Trademark: Its logos (three strides, the globe and trefoil devices), not limited to mark word as Adidas alone but all included, are registered trademarks of Adidas, unless state otherwise including affiliates. Not to use, copy, reproduce, republish, upload, distribute, modified and post transmit in any form from Adidas trademarks, without Adidas prior consent neither advertisement nor publication is permitted even though it might pertain major distribution gains on site materials. In any external internet site is the creation of links, hypertext, links or deep links between the site and other internet site is prohibited without the express consent of Adidas. Thus, this includes links to partners that may use Adidas logos as part of a co-branding agreement. Although Adidas seeks to protect the integrity of its site, the site can link to have their own separate privacy policy but Adidas is not responsible and cannot be liable for the content and activities of these sites. Copyrights: Adidas remains the sole owner of entire content contained in the copyright portfolio. Only if the specific or indicated documents within the site state otherwise but you remain unauthorized to print, download, audio, document, view, play, reproduce, license, produce, transfer or sale any content, but you may be authorized to view, play videos or audio found within the site information, personal and non-commercial purposes only. Nevertheless, if authorized under the law relating to copyright, you may not reuse any Content without first obtaining the consent of Adidas. In downloading software applications such as; videos, wallpaper, icon and screensavers etc. from the Site, these software, includes any files, images incorporated in or generated by the software, and data accompanying the software are licensed to you by Adidas. Adidas does not transfer title to the Software to you. You own the medium on which the Software is recorded, but Adidas retains full and complete title to the Software, and all intellectual property rights therein. You may not redistribute, sell, decompile, reverse engineer, disassemble, or otherwise reduce the Software to a human-readable form. Differing countries regulations and legislation: Its a world of different countries with different rules, regulations and laws, within each country rules, regulations and laws for that country apply. Your own countrys legislation does not apply to any other country. And another countrys legislation does not apply to your country. Different countries have different rules. Its a way of country of origin to differentiate the product. More also, its the requirements for a country of origin markings which are complex and depend on import country requirement for disclosure is essential too. While so many product made within European Union carry the marking Made in EU. Shipping products from one country to another will have to be marked with the country of origin, and country of origin trade preference programs, antidumping and government procurement. What monopoly powers it had to deal with both within its own market and issues affecting it. It had to deal with control and without any competition, since they have other competitors; it has to deal with price control. Like the Microsoft which is an example of monopoly, using its power in one area to gain market share in another area. Because it had a monopoly for web browsers Controlling different stages of production, new web browsers were at a disadvantage because it was too much effort to change from the wed default browser. Show how e-commerce has opened up new lines of communication within the company. E-mails: Electronic mail is a message sent across through the Internet, or a system for transferring messages between computers, mobile phone or other communications upload on the Internet. The time scales high when email servers are networked to all computers in big medium size company, the server have gateways which computer systems or networks enable all users to send information anywhere/anytime to any system in the world. All internet service provider (ISP) and online services enable rich messaging experience. Text: Its a fast way of communicating to customers and getting feedbacks, its a speed way of send sales promotions, confirmation of orders and confirmation of payments. Mobile phones: Which is known as Scan2buy, which is mobile phone services for e-commerce for company to maximise their profits and move into the growing mobile phone ecommerce market. Can also be used for of payment, its in operation in Japan, which helps customers to make purchase or transfer using simple text messaging on their mobile phones. Pagers: Its a product with a services and business communication solutions, by enhancing collaborative sharing of information in a grid pattern especially when the issue of e-commerce whose pivot lies on a very secure communication channel and data transmission layer for organizations reputation. E-Newsletters: This is a way for communication, to reach out to the customers, to make them aware of the companys product or services and to give them reason to buy the companys product. Its a type of communications includes the companys brochures and various forms of advertising, contact letters, websites and anything that makes the public aware of what the company do. Social networking: Social network is based on a social structure through internet-based social networking system through variety of websites that allows users to share content and interaction around similar interest. It has created a great opportunity for businesses to generate interaction with the present and potential customers through the web based sites established for the purpose. With the ongoing commitment, you can create a niche market through sites such as Twitter, MySpace and Facebook. Global impact of e-commerce: With the new payment systems such as the electronic cash, it has changed the customers financial lives and shakes the foundations of financial systems. Can help customers services greatly be enabling customers to find detailed information online, its a fast way of business operations. Conclusion: The Company has greatly gained a huge benefit by using e-commerce, because by using the new technology which introduces new frame of servicing experiments in other to deliver precise, fast, efficient, reliable and retrievable customer expectations.